Article 34  Process Patents: Burden of Proof第34条  方法专利：举证责任

1. For the purposes of civil proceedings in respect of the infringement of the rights of the owner referred to in paragraph 1(b) of Article 28，if the subject matter of a patent is a process for obtaining a product，the judicial authorities shall have the authority to order the defendant to prove that the process to obtain an identical product is different from the patented process. Therefore，Members shall provide，in at least one of the following circumstances，that any identical product when produced without the consent of the patent owner shall，in the absence of proof to the contrary，be deemed to have been obtained by the patented process：

就第28条第1款(b)项所指的侵害所有权人权利的民事诉讼而言，如若一项专利的客体是获得一种产品的方法，司法当局应有权责令被告证明其获得相同产品的方法与已获专利的方法不同。因此，各成员应规定至少在下列一种情况下，任何未经专利权所有人同意而生产的相同产品，若无相反证明，则应被视为是通过已获专利方法而获得的：

(a) if the product obtained by the patented process is new；

若通过已获专利方法而获得的产品是新的；

(b) if there is a substantial likelihood that the identical product was made by the process and the owner of the patent has been unable through reasonable efforts to determine the process actually used.

如若存在实质性的可能性表明该相同产品是由该方法生产的，而专利权所有人经过合理的努力仍不能确定事实使用了该方法。

2. Any Member shall be free to provide that the burden of proof indicated in paragraph 1 shall be on the alleged infringer only if the condition referred to in subparagraph (a) is fulfilled or only if the condition referred to in subparagraph (b) is fulfilled.

只有满足(a)项或(b)项所指条件，任何成员才有权规定第1款所指的举证责任由被指控的侵权人承担。

3. In the adduction of proof to the contrary, the legitimate interests of defendants in protecting their manufacturing and business secrets shall be taken into account.

在引用相反证据时，应考虑被告在保护其制造和商业秘密方面的合法权益。

SECTION 6: LAYOUT-DESIGNS (TOPOGRAPHIES) OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

第6节：集成电路布图设计(拓扑图)

Article 35  Relation to the IPIC Treaty

第35条  与《关于集成电路的知识产权条约》的关系

Members agree to provide protection to the layout-designs (topographies) of integrated circuits (referred to in this Agreement as “layout-designs”) in accordance with Articles 2 through 7 (other than paragraph 3 of Article 6), Article 12 and paragraph 3 of Article 16 of the Treaty on Intellectual Property in Respect of Integrated Circuits and，in addition，to comply with the following provisions.

各成员同意按照《关于集成电路的知识产权条约》中第2至第7条(第6条第3款除外)，以及第12条和第16条第3款，对集成电路的布图设计(拓扑图)(本协定中称为“布图设计”)提供保护，此外，还同意遵守以下规定。

Article 36  Scope of the Protection第36条  保护范围

Subject to the provisions of paragraph 1 of Article 37，Members shall consider unlawful the following acts if performed without the authorization of the right holder：9 importing， selling，or otherwise distributing for commercial purposes a protected layout-design，an integrated circuit in which a protected layout-design is incorporated，or an article incorporating such an integrated circuit only in so far as it continues to contain an unlawfully reproduced layout-design.

在遵守第37条第1款规定的前提下，各成员应视下列未经权利持有人9授权的行为为非法：为商业目的进口、销售、或分销受保护的布图设计、含有受保护的布图设计的集成电路、或含有这种集成电路的物品，只要该集成电路仍然含有非法复制的布图设计。

Article 37  Acts Not Requiring the Authorization of the Right Holder

第37条  无需权利持有人授权的行为

1. Notwithstanding Article 36，no Member shall consider unlawful the performance of any of the acts referred to in that Article in respect of an integrated circuit incorporating an unlawfully reproduced layout-design or any article incorporating such an integrated circuit where the person performing or ordering such acts did not know and had no reasonable ground to know，when acquiring the integrated circuit or article incorporating such an integrated circuit，that it incorporated an unlawfully reproduced layout-design. Members shall provide that，after the time that such person has received sufficient notice that the layout-design was unlawfully reproduced，that person may perform any of the acts with respect to the stock on hand or ordered before such time，but shall be liable to pay to the right holder a sum equivalent to a reasonable royalty such as would be payable under a freely negotiated licence in respect of such a layout-design.

尽管有第36条的规定，但如若从事或命令从事该条所指的与含有非法复制的布图设计的集成电路或含有这种集成电路的物品有关的人  在获得该集成电路或含有该集成电路的物品时，不知道且没有合理的理由知道其中包含这种非法复制的布图设计，则任何成员不应将从事该条所指的任何行为视为非法。各成员应规定，在此人收到关于该布图设计被非法复制的充分通知后，可对现有的存货及此前的订货采取任何行动，但有责任向权利持有人支付一笔金额，该金额相当于就该布图设计自愿达成的许可协议应付的合理提成费。

2. The conditions set out in subparagraphs (a) through (k) of Article 31 shall apply mutatis mutandis in the event of any non-voluntary licensing of a layout-design or of its use by or for the government without the authorization of the right holder.

2．第31条(a)至(k)项规定的条件在作不要的修改后应适用于任何有关布图设计的非自愿许可情形或任何未经权利持有人授权而被政府或为政府而使用的情形。

Article 38  Term of Protection第38条  保护期限

1. In Members requiring registration as a condition of protection，the term of protection of layout-designs shall not end before the expiration of a period of 10 years counted from the date of filing an application for registration or from the first commercial exploitation wherever in the world it occurs.

在要求以注册作为保护条件的成员中，布图设计的保护期限不应在从提交注册申请之日起，或从第一次在世界上任何地方将其投入商业利用之日时计算10年期限届满前终止。

2. In Members not requiring registration as a condition for protection, layout-designs shall be protected for a term of no less than 10 years from the date of the first commercial exploitation wherever in the world it occurs.

在不要求以注册为保护条件的成员中，布图设计的保护期限不得少于从其第一次在世界上任何地方将其投入商业利用之日起计算的1O年。

3. Notwithstanding paragraphs 1 and 2，a Member may provide that protection shall lapse 15 years after the creation of the layout-design.

尽管有第l款和第2款的规定，一成员仍可规定保护应在布图设计创作15年后终止。

SECTION 7: PROTECTION OF UNDISCLOSED INFORMATION

第7节  对未披露信息的保护

Article 39第39条

1. In the course of ensuring effective protection against unfair competition as provided in Article 10bis of the Paris Convention (1967), Members shall protect undisclosed information in accordance with paragraph 2 and data submitted to governments or governmental agencies in accordance with paragraph 3.

在确保有效保护《巴黎公约》(1967)第10条之二所规定的不公平竞争的过程中，各成员应根据第2款对未披露信息和根据第3款对提交给政府或政府机构的数据提供保护。

2. Natural and legal persons shall have the possibility of preventing information lawfully within their control from being disclosed to, acquired by, or used by others without their consent in a manner contrary to honest commercial practices10 so long as such information：

自然人和法人应有可能防止其合法控制的信息在未经其同意的情况下，以违反诚实商业作法的方式10向他人披露，或被他人获得或使用，只要该信息：

(a) is secret in the sense that it is not, as a body or in the precise configuration and assembly of its components, generally known among or readily accessible to persons within the circles that normally deal with the kind of information in question；

是保密的，即无论作为一个整体还是就其各部分持的精确排列和组合而言，该信息尚不为通常处理该信息范围内的人所普遍知晓，或不易被他们获得；

(b) has commercial value because it is secret；and因其保密而具有商业价值；并且

(c) has been subject to reasonable steps under the circumstances，by the person lawfully in control of the information，to keep it secret.

由该信息的合法控制人在当时的情况下采取合理的步骤以保持其秘密性。

3. Members，when requiring，as a condition of approving the marketing of pharmaceutical

or of agricultural chemical products which utilize new chemical entities，the submission of undisclosed test or other data，the origination of which involves a considerable effort，shall protect such data against unfair commercial use. In addition，Members shall protect such data against disclosure，except where necessary to protect the public，or unless steps are taken to ensure that the data are protected against unfair commercial use.

各成员如要求提交，作为批准销售使用新型化学实体而制造的药品或农业化学品的条件，需提交通过巨大努力取得的未披露的试验数据或其他数据，则应保该类数据，以防止不正当商业利用。此外，各成员应保护这些数据不被披露，或除非为保护公众的需要，或除非已采取措施确保该数据不被不正当地商业利用。

5就本条目的而言，一成员可把“发明性步骤”和“能进行工业应用”这两个术语分别理解为与“非显见性的”和“有用的”这两个术语同义。

6本权利，连同本协定项下授予的关于使用、销售、进口物品或分销货物的权利一样，应遵守第6条的规定。

7 “其他使用”是指除第30条允许以外的使用。

8据理解，没有原始授予制度的成员可规定保护期限应自原始授予制度中的申请之日起计算。

9本节中的“权利持有人”这一术语应理解为与《IPIC条约》中的“权利的持有人”这一术语含义相同。

10就本规定之目的而言，“违反诚实商业做法的方式”应至少包括以下做法：如违约，泄密和违约诱导，并包括第三方获得未披露的信息，而该第三方知道或因严重疏忽而未能知道这种获得涉及这些做法。